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Grade 6 Maths: Prime numbers, factors and multiples poster

A one-page CAPS Grade 6 Maths poster on prime numbers, factors and multiples (Numbers), with the key ideas, key words and a tip to remember.

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Maths · Grade 6 · Numbers
Prime numbers, factors and multiples

1Factors

A factor divides a number exactly, with nothing left over. Factors come in pairs that multiply to give the number.

Example

Factors of 45:
1 × 45, 3 × 15, 5 × 9
1, 3, 5, 9, 15, 45

2Multiples and divisibility

  • Multiples are the answers in a times table: 8, 16, 24, 32 ...
  • Divisible by 2: ends in 0, 2, 4, 6 or 8.
  • Divisible by 3 or 9: the digits add up to a multiple of 3 or 9.
  • Divisible by 5: ends in 0 or 5.

3Prime and composite numbers

  • A prime number has exactly two factors: 1 and itself.
  • A composite number has more than two factors.
  • 1 is neither prime nor composite. 2 is the only even prime.
Example

Primes up to 20:
2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19

4Is it prime? (under 100)

Try to divide by 2, 3, 5 and 7. If none of them divides exactly, the number is prime.

Example

77: 77 ÷ 7 = 11, so 77 is composite.
89: not divisible by 2, 3, 5 or 7, so 89 is prime.

5Prime factors

Split the number into two factors. Keep splitting until every factor is prime. Write them as a product.

Example

90 = 9 × 10 = 3 × 3 × 2 × 5
90 = 2 × 3 × 3 × 5

6Common factors and multiples

  • List the factors of each number. The numbers in both lists are the common factors.
  • List the multiples of each number. The first one in both lists is the common multiple.
Example

Factors of 16: 1, 2, 4, 8, 16
Factors of 24: 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
Common: 1, 2, 4, 8
Multiples of 3: 3, 6, 9, 12, 15
Multiples of 5: 5, 10, 15
First common multiple: 15

Key words

factor
a number that divides another exactly
multiple
a number in the times table of another number
prime number
a number with exactly two factors
composite number
a number with more than two factors
prime factor
a factor that is a prime number
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